CONCORD CBT

English CBT: Concord (Agreement) – 40 Questions

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CONCORD LECTURE

ENGLISH LECTURE: CONCORD (AGREEMENT)

Introduction

Concord (or Agreement) refers to the correct relationship between words in a sentence, especially between the subject and the verb. The verb must agree with its subject in number and sometimes in person.

Basic Rule

Singular subject → singular verb | Plural subject → plural verb

The boy is here.

The boys are here.

Rules of Concord with Examples

1. Compound Subjects (Joined by "and")

→ Take plural verb unless treated as one unit

John and Peter are friends.

Bread and butter is my breakfast.

2. Subjects Joined by "or / nor / either…or / neither…nor"

→ Verb agrees with the nearest subject

Either the teacher or the students are coming.

Neither the boys nor the teacher is present.

3. Indefinite Pronouns

Always singular: everyone, someone, nobody, each, anybody

Everyone is happy.

Each of the players has a jersey.

4. Collective Nouns

Singular when acting as a unit, plural when acting individually

The team is winning.

The team are arguing among themselves.

5. Uncountable Nouns

Always singular

Information is important.

Equipment is ready.

6. Expressions of Quantity

A number of → plural verb | The number of → singular verb

A number of students are absent.

The number of students is increasing.

7. Fractions and Percentages

Verb depends on the noun

Half of the cake is gone.

Half of the students are present.

8. Titles, Names, and Subjects

Always singular

Mathematics is difficult.

"Things Fall Apart" is a novel.

9. Distance, Time, Money

Singular

Ten years is a long time.

Five thousand naira is enough.

10. "There is / There are"

Verb agrees with noun that follows

There is a book on the table.

There are many books on the table.

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CONCORD LECTURE&CBT

ENGLISH CONCORD LECTURE & CBT – WAEC & JAMB EXAM PRACTICE

Concord (Agreement) – Lecture

Concord refers to the agreement between the subject and the verb in a sentence. The verb must match the subject in number and sometimes person.

Rules with Examples

1. Singular subject → singular verb

The boy is here.

2. Plural subject → plural verb

The boys are here.

3. Compound subjects (joined by "and") take plural verb

John and Peter are friends.

4. Collective nouns singular when acting as one unit, plural individually

The team is winning.

The team are arguing among themselves.

5. Indefinite pronouns like everyone, someone, each → singular verb

Everyone is happy.

6. Expressions of quantity

A number of students are absent.

The number of students is increasing.

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English CBT: Concord (40 Questions)

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HOMEOSTASISkecture

📘 BIOLOGY LECTURE: HOMEOSTASIS

🔹 Introduction

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This stability is essential for proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.

Definition: Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions such as temperature, pH, water balance, and glucose level.

🔹 Importance of Homeostasis

• Ensures optimal enzyme activity
• Maintains stable body temperature
• Regulates water and salt balance
• Keeps blood glucose level constant

🔹 Components of Homeostasis

Homeostasis involves three main components:

• Receptor: Detects changes (stimulus)
• Control Center: Processes information (brain/hypothalamus)
• Effector: Responds to restore balance

🔹 Feedback Mechanisms

1. Negative Feedback

This is the most common mechanism where a change in a variable triggers a response that reverses the change.

Diagram: Negative Feedback Loop

2. Positive Feedback

This amplifies a change rather than reversing it. It is less common and occurs in processes like childbirth.

🔹 Temperature Regulation in Humans

The human body maintains a constant temperature (~37°C) using the hypothalamus in the brain.

Diagram: Thermoregulation

🔹 Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation is the control of water and salt balance in the body. The kidneys play a major role in filtering blood and producing urine.

Diagram: Kidney Function

🔹 Blood Glucose Regulation

The pancreas regulates blood sugar using two hormones:

• Insulin: Lowers blood glucose
• Glucagon: Raises blood glucose

🔹 Summary

Homeostasis is essential for survival. It ensures that internal conditions remain stable through feedback mechanisms involving receptors, control centers, and effectors.

Exam Tip: Always mention stimulus, receptor, control, and response when explaining homeostasis in exams.

HOMEOSTASIS

🧪 BIOLOGY CBT: HOMEOSTASIS (40 QUESTIONS)

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